Question 1

Which molecule is used to transport fatty-acyl groups into the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)   CoA-SH
B)   ATP
C)   biotin
D)   carnitineE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The final formation of cholesterol from squalene involves

Accepted Answer

A)   condensation with HMG-CoA and mevalonate.
B)   more than 19 reactions including cyclization and oxidation.
C)   oxidation and the addition of acyl-CoA.
D)   dimerization and oxidation of squalene.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following causes inhibition of fatty acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased insulin
B)   increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 
C)   decreased cytoplasmic acyl-CoA
D)   increased cytoplasmic acetyl-CoAE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Describe the roles of the citrate shuttle with regards to the fat synthesis pathway.

Accepted Answer

The citrate shuttle moves acetyl-CoA fro...

Question 5

List the five classes of lipoproteins and briefly state the body origin of each.

Accepted Answer

(1) Chylomicrons, which originate from t...

Question 6

Which cofactor is utilized in the following fatty acid oxidation reaction? + C)  FAD D)  NADP+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)   ATP
B)   NAD+
C)   FAD
D)   NADP+E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Carnitine is

Accepted Answer

A)   used for transporting fatty acids into the cell.
B)   attached to the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid synthesis.
C)   attached to fatty acid groups that are moved into the mitochondria for degradation.
D)   attached to acetyl groups to activate them for addition to the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid synthesis.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

What is the cellular location of the fatty acid oxidation pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)   cytoplasm
B)   peroxisome
C)   mitochondrial matrix
D)   smooth endoplasmic reticulumE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Ketone bodies are

Accepted Answer

A)   transported to the liver for degradation.
B)   an alternate storage form of glucose.
C)   used as a fuel source by muscle cells as well as brain cells.
D)   polymerized to form fatty acids.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an intermediate in the  β\betaβ -oxidation of a fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  
B)  
C)  
D)   E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

In triacylglycerol synthesis, from where is the glycerol backbone derived?

Accepted Answer

A)   fatty acyl-CoA
B)   pyruvate
C)   dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D)   acetyl-CoAE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

The uptake of LDLs by cells is triggered by the

Accepted Answer

A)   absorption of the LDL triacylglycerol and phospholipid core.
B)   hydrolysis of LDL phospholipids by phospholipase enzymes.
C)   binding of the apoB-100 lipoprotein on LDL to the LDL receptor.
D)   formation of cholesterol plaques.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following stimulate fatty acid synthesis when their concentrations are high?

Accepted Answer

A)   citrate and insulin
B)   glucagon and citrate
C)   insulin and acyl-CoA
D)   citrate, insulin, and palmitoyl-CoAE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

The complete  β\betaβ -oxidation of 1 mole of palmitic acid (16:0)  yields moles of ATP after TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation processes.

Accepted Answer

A)   8
B)   32
C)   106
D)   156 E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

What precursors are required for the breakdown of palmitate?

Accepted Answer

A)   14 ATP and 14 NADH
B)   ATP and CoA
C)   acetyl-CoA
D)   NADH and FADH2E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

How many ATPs are obtained from the complete  β\betaβ -oxidation of one mole of stearoyl-CoA (18Cs)  compared with three molecules of glucose (3 * 6C = 18Cs) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   106 versus 32
B)   100 versus 100
C)   36 versus 90
D)   120 versus 90 E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

How are double bonds added to fatty acid chains in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in elongating and unsaturating fatty acids.
B)   FAD is used as an oxidant to create the double bonds in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C)   Unsaturated fatty acids are not made by humans and are therefore essential fats.
D)   Fatty acid desaturase enzymes use O2 and NADH to add double bonds to fatty acids.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Name the steps involved in converting glycerol into triacylglycerol.

Accepted Answer

(1) Glycerol is first phosphorylated to ...

Question 19

Which of the following are ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

A)   "acetyl-CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA"
B)   " β\betaβ -ketoacyl-ACP, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA"
C)   "methylmalonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA"
D)   "hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate" E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

The same four reactions that are central to the  β\betaβ oxidation pathway are also present in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, except they are reversed. What is a key difference between the four reactions in these two pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)   One set of reactions synthesizes an ATP, whereas the other set uses an ATP.
B)   One set occurs in the muscle, whereas the second pathway occurs in the liver.
C)   One pathway adds three carbon atoms at a time, whereas the other removes two carbons.
D)   Four enzymes are used in one, whereas one enzyme is used in the other. E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 16: Lipid Metabolism

Which of the following stimulate fatty acid synthesis when their concentrations are high?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the roles of the citrate shuttle with regards to the fat synthesis pathway.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe citrate shuttle moves acetyl-CoA fro...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the cellular location of the fatty acid oxidation pathway?

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What precursors are required for the breakdown of palmitate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an intermediate in the β\betaβ -oxidation of a fatty acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are ketone bodies?

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Ketone bodies are

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How many ATPs are obtained from the complete β\betaβ -oxidation of one mole of stearoyl-CoA (18Cs) compared with three molecules of glucose (3 * 6C = 18Cs) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The same four reactions that are central to the β\betaβ oxidation pathway are also present in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, except they are reversed. What is a key difference between the four reactions in these two pathways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carnitine is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the five classes of lipoproteins and briefly state the body origin of each.

Correct Answerverified(1) Chylomicrons, which originate from t...View AnswerShow Answer

The complete β\betaβ -oxidation of 1 mole of palmitic acid (16:0) yields moles of ATP after TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name the steps involved in converting glycerol into triacylglycerol.

Correct Answerverified(1) Glycerol is first phosphorylated to ...View AnswerShow Answer

The uptake of LDLs by cells is triggered by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which cofactor is utilized in the following fatty acid oxidation reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The final formation of cholesterol from squalene involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are double bonds added to fatty acid chains in humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In triacylglycerol synthesis, from where is the glycerol backbone derived?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following causes inhibition of fatty acid synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which molecule is used to transport fatty-acyl groups into the mitochondria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The citrate shuttle moves acetyl-CoA fro...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following is NOT an intermediate in the $\beta$ -oxidation of a fatty acid?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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How many ATPs are obtained from the complete $\beta$ -oxidation of one mole of stearoyl-CoA (18Cs) compared with three molecules of glucose (3 * 6C = 18Cs) ?

Correct Answer
verified

The same four reactions that are central to the $\beta$ oxidation pathway are also present in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, except they are reversed. What is a key difference between the four reactions in these two pathways?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
(1) Chylomicrons, which originate from t...
View Answer

The complete $\beta$ -oxidation of 1 mole of palmitic acid (16:0) yields moles of ATP after TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation processes.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
(1) Glycerol is first phosphorylated to ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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