Question 1

What measures would be taken if a case of smallpox were recognized in a world traveler after the individual had debarked from Heathrow airport in England following several days of sightseeing in London?

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) woul...

Question 2

Potential candidates for biological warfare

Accepted Answer

A)   are generally gram-negative rather than gram-positive.
B)   can be virtually any pathogenic bacterium or virus.
C)   are eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic.
D)   must be genetically engineered to be effective.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Filoviruses (such as Ebola virus)  that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers generally have high ________ but low ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   incidence / prevalence
B)   prevalence / mortality
C)   mortality / morbidity
D)   morbidity / mortalityE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Influenza pandemics occur periodically due to characteristics of the influenza virus. How did these characteristics, in this case of the H1N1 strain, contribute to the spread of the swine flu pandemic in 2009?

Accepted Answer

A)   The H1N1 virus had a mutation that increased the mortality associated with infection.
B)   The H1N1 virus had a mutation that increased the basic reproduction number of the virus.
C)   The H1N1 virus underwent a significant antigenic shift compared to other circulating strains of influenza.
D)   The H1N1 virus acquired a new gene from pigs that resulted in increased virulence.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Food and water are considered disease vehicles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The lower the basic reproduction number of a pathogen, the higher the percentage of immune individuals necessary to provide herd immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following shows the correct relationship among the epidemiology terms listed?

Accepted Answer

A)   prevalence > incidence > mortality
B)   incidence > prevalence > mortality
C)   mortality > morbidity > prevalence
D)   mortality > incidence > prevalenceE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

Which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and unpredictable genetic mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)   vector-borne organisms
B)   RNA viruses
C)   Archaea
D)   DNA virusesE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Based on knowing the history of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and of efforts to track its spread, you can conclude that it is likely that the incidence of HIV/AIDS among transfusion recipients has

Accepted Answer

A)   increased since the discovery of HIV.
B)   decreased since the discovery of HIV.
C)   remained the same since the discovery of HIV.
D)   never been more than a few individuals per year.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

What is a/are potential reservoir(s)  for the rabies virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   water
B)   insects
C)   bats
D)   fomitesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The number of ill individuals within a population is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   morbidity.
B)   mortality.
C)   residency.
D)   prevalence.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 12

To control a disease in a population, 100% immunization is necessary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Upper respiratory infectious agents are commonly transmitted from person to person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A disease that is constantly present in low numbers is called an acute disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Over time, the relationship between a pathogen and a naïve susceptible population tends towards

Accepted Answer

A)   the extinction of the host.
B)   the extinction of the pathogen.
C)   a balance between host and pathogen such that both are maintained.
D)   the extinction of either the host or the pathogen.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Influenza pandemics occur cyclically because

Accepted Answer

A)   less than 100% of the population is immunized.
B)   new strains emerge due to reassortment between bird, swine, and human variants.
C)   the vector is seasonal.
D)   there are environmental reservoirs that release the virus during particular seasons.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Why are diseases such as rabies that have a wild animal reservoir so difficult to eradicate while other diseases such as brucellosis that reside in domestic animals have been virtually eradicated.

Accepted Answer

The eradication of a disease requires th...

Question 18

Changes in food processing and distribution can increase the incidence of new and emerging diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following are NOT vectors important in disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)   fomites
B)   insects
C)   ticks
D)   rodentsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Explain the concept of coevolution in terms of host-pathogen interactions.

Accepted Answer

The host and pathogen both evolve and af...

Exam 29: Epidemiology

Influenza pandemics occur cyclically because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A disease that is constantly present in low numbers is called an acute disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What measures would be taken if a case of smallpox were recognized in a world traveler after the individual had debarked from Heathrow airport in England following several days of sightseeing in London?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe World Health Organization (WHO) woul...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following shows the correct relationship among the epidemiology terms listed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Upper respiratory infectious agents are commonly transmitted from person to person.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the concept of coevolution in terms of host-pathogen interactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe host and pathogen both evolve and af...View AnswerShow Answer

Which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and unpredictable genetic mutations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are diseases such as rabies that have a wild animal reservoir so difficult to eradicate while other diseases such as brucellosis that reside in domestic animals have been virtually eradicated.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe eradication of a disease requires th...View AnswerShow Answer

Potential candidates for biological warfare

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Changes in food processing and distribution can increase the incidence of new and emerging diseases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Filoviruses (such as Ebola virus) that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers generally have high ________ but low ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lower the basic reproduction number of a pathogen, the higher the percentage of immune individuals necessary to provide herd immunity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a/are potential reservoir(s) for the rabies virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of ill individuals within a population is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Influenza pandemics occur periodically due to characteristics of the influenza virus. How did these characteristics, in this case of the H1N1 strain, contribute to the spread of the swine flu pandemic in 2009?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are NOT vectors important in disease transmission?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Food and water are considered disease vehicles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To control a disease in a population, 100% immunization is necessary.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on knowing the history of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and of efforts to track its spread, you can conclude that it is likely that the incidence of HIV/AIDS among transfusion recipients has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over time, the relationship between a pathogen and a naïve susceptible population tends towards

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The World Health Organization (WHO) woul...
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The host and pathogen both evolve and af...
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The eradication of a disease requires th...
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Filoviruses (such as Ebola virus) that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers generally have high but low .

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