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Exam 6: Individual Factors: Moral Philosophies and Values

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Question 1

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A central problem with relativism is

A) that it emphasizes people's differences, not similarities.
B) that few people believe that these principles are important.
C) that it is very complicated.
D) that it represents unattainable goals.
E) that many feel that it only works in theory.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Question 2

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According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/she

A) is unlikely to change his/her values and ethical behavior.
B) may change his/her cognitive moral development and behavior.
C) will likely be promoted.
D) will depend more on the input of significant others in ethical decision making.
E) will experience less opportunity to behave unethically.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Question 3

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Compare and contrast the two moral philosophies: teleology and deontology. Discuss the bases each philosophy type uses to evaluate the morality of a particular activity.

Teleological philosophies are often referred to as consequentialism. ​

Compare and contrast the two teleological philosophies: egoism and utilitarianism. Include a discussion of the bases that each type uses to evaluate the morality of activities.

Why might an individual's moral philosophies differ when making a personal decision versus a work-related decision? ​

_____ have lower ethical issue sensitivity, meaning they are less likely to detect ethical issues. They may be more committed to completing projects and more dedicated to group values and objectives.

Explain how the levels of Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development may influence a person's perception of and response to an ethical issue.

Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?

_____ deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones.

Economist Adam Smith viewed profit as the ultimate goal of an enterprise and did not believe it was businesses' responsibility to be concerned about their impact on society. ​

_____ typically focuses on the end result of actions and happiness created by them, whereas _____ emphasizes the means and motives by which actions are justified.

When a person defines right and wrong on the basis of legal contracts, he or she is using which of Kohlberg's stages of development?

The concept of moral philosophies is inexact.

_____ argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a "good" moral character would deem appropriate.

_____ are person-specific, whereas _____ are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to meet business objectives.

Which moral philosophy is based on the premise that equal respect must be given to all persons?

Interactional justice considers the processes and activities that produce a particular outcome.​

An individual who emphasizes others rather than himself or herself in making decisions is in which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of development?

A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost, may be a(n) _____ because he believes in the rights of all individuals.